2017考研英語測試卷（英語一）

　　2017考研英語測試卷

　　(英語一)

　　考試時間：180分鐘 試卷總分：100分學(xué)員姓名：___________

　　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on

　　ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　An European Union directive is making shoppers feel like they have extra rights to return faulty goods for up to two years. It is not quite__1__simple. There has been an increase in people using the__2__EU directive to get retailers to refund or__3__faulty goods, even after the stated__4__periods have ended.

　　The EU rule allowing the__5__of goods up to two years after purchase is at__6__with the returns policies adopted by most__7__shops. However, as this is a directive only partially adopted by the UK, its use is a __8__area. Despite this, many shops have__9__refunded items when presented with the directive and its argument,__10__it could potentially improve your position.

　　Most big retailers will have a stated returns policy that__11__with UK consumer law. Those__12__can see the exact wording of the Sale of Goods act,__13__ simply the law says that retailers must sell goods that are ‘as described, __14__for purpose and of satisfactory quality’. If a defect is__15__when, or in a reasonable period of time after, the sale is made, __16__buyers can demand a full refund. However, the rules get fuzzier when faults__17__over time and a buyer has to return goods after__18__them for a longer period.

　　Under UK law, buyers in England and Wales can get a partial refund or full repair up to six year after the__19__was made. The refund should take into account how much use the customer has already had__20__a product. Ultimately, a county court would decide this.

　　1. [A] ever [B] that [C] rather [D] very

　　2. [A] little-known [B] well-made [C] badly-designed [D] warmly-accepted

　　3. [A] repair [B] destroy [C] replace [D] remove

　　4. [A] processing [B] guarantee [C] permission [D] attainment

　　5. [A] upkeep [B] refusal [C] upturn [D] return

　　6. [A] work [B] peace [C] ends [D] odds

　　7. [A] major [B] franchised [C] new [D] fashionable

　　8. [A] forbidden [B] grey [C] lonely [D] disturbed

　　9. [A] completely [B] hardly [C] inevitably [D] willingly

　　10. [A] because [B] though [C] so [D] but

　　11. [A] complied [B] accompanies [C] deals [D] disagrees

　　12. [A] worried [B] pleased [C] interested [D] confused

　　13. [A] if [B] but [C] and [D] while

　　14. [A] fit [B] possible [C] ready [D] best

　　15. [A] remedied [B] concealed [C] avoided [D] detected

　　16. [A] soon [B] then [C] even [D] hence

　　17. [A] disappear [B] occur [C] develop [D] remain

　　18. [A] buying [B] protecting [C] trying [D] possessing

　　19. [A] complaint [B] purchase [C] request [D] agreement

　　20. [A] of [B] in [C] from [D] over

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

　　A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

　　At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

　　The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

　　The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?

　　Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative — the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

　　21. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside _____.

　　[A] has brought much benefit to the NHS.

　　[B] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.

　　[C] is fully backed by the royal family.

　　[D] is not well reflected in politics.

　　22. According to Paragraph 2,the achievements of the National Trust are now being _____.

　　[A] gradually destroyed

　　[B] effectively reinforced

　　[C] largely overshadowed

　　[D] properly protected

　　23. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3? _____.

　　[A] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

　　[B] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

　　[C] The Conservatives may abandon “off -plan” building.

　　[D] Labour is under attack for opposing development.

　　24.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference _____.

　　[A] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

　　[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

　　[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.

　　[D] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.

　　25.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of _____.

　　[A] the size of population in Britain

　　[B] the political life in today’s Britain

　　[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain

　　[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain

　　Text 2

　　It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.

　　However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.

　　Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.

　　The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

　　The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.

　　Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.

　　26.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to __________.

　　[A]complete future job training

　　[B]remodel the way of thinking

　　[C]formulate logical hypotheses

　　[D]perfect artwork production

　　27.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their______.

　　[A]academic backgrounds

　　[B]interest

　　[C]career prospects

　　[D]experience

　　28.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.

　　[A]help students learn other computer languages

　　[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come

　　[C]need improving when students look for jobs

　　[D]enable students to make big quick money

　　29.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to______.

　　[A]compete with a future army of programmers

　　[B]stay longer in the information technology industry

　　[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world

　　[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies

　　30. The word “coax”(Line. 4, Para. 6)is closest in meaning to______.

　　[A]persuade

　　[B]frighten

　　[C]misguide

　　[D]challenge

　　Text 3

　　Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply.

　　Advertisers now place “banners”, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we'll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.

　　Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.

　　The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.

　　With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.

　　31. It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising____________

　　[A] has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising.

　　[B] is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.

　　[C] is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.

　　[D] seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods.

　　32. The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate____________

　　[A] the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.

　　[B] the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.

　　[C] the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions.

　　[D] the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers’ interest.

　　33. Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies that__________

　　[A] it has to be modified over time to remain effective.

　　[B] for all its current profits, it will fade in the long run.

　　[C] banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency.

　　[D] Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.

　　34.The expression “do the trick” in the last paragraph most probably means________

　　[A] come to the point.

　　[B] fulfill their purpose.

　　[C] fail of their success.

　　[D] live up to their promise.

　　35. The author's attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as_________

　　[A] reserved consent but discontent.

　　[B] objective analysis void of opinions.

　　[C] enthusiastic support but slight contempt.

　　[D] approval so far but uncertainty in the future.

　　Text 4

　　Boosted by booming international financial markets, the City of London has not had it so good since the end of the dotcom bonanza in the late 1990s. Basking in double-digit growth rates, London's law firms have both contributed to that success and benefited from it. The earnings of top City lawyers can now exceed £2m a year.

　　Having opted to expand and go global ahead of most others, Britain's leading law firms tend to be bigger than their American rivals. Indeed, according to a survey of the world's top 50 law firms, compiled by Legal Business, a British trade paper, five of the world's top six law firms—in terms of turnover—are now British (if DLA Piper, the result of an Anglo-American merger, is included). But they have tended to lag behind in terms of their profitability. That is now changing.

　　The profit margins of the City's five “magic circle” firms—Clifford Chance, Slaughter and May, Allen & Overy, Linklaters and Freshfields—have soared in recent years and are now comparable with, if not higher than, those of New York's “white shoe” elite. Slaughter and May, the only one of the five not to have gone global, has the joint second-highest profit margin among the top 50.

　　Not so long ago, a London surgeon could expect to earn as much as a City lawyer. But even the recent big rises in hospital consultants' earnings pall in comparison with those enjoyed by London lawyers. At Slaughter and May, for example, average profits per equity partner (PEP) jumped by almost a third (in dollar terms) last year to $2.75m—more than at any other of the top 50 law firms bar two in New York where PEP averaged $2.8m and $3.0m respectively. Some senior partners get a lot more of course.

　　Competition for the best lawyers is fierce and poaching frequent. Hence the need to keep headline PEP figures up—even at the cost of getting rid of equity partners, leaving a bigger share of the bounty for the remaining ones. Freshfields is in the process of shedding around 100 of its equity partners. Other leading firms are also undertaking painful restructuring.

　　Newly qualified lawyers' salaries have also been shooting up in the search for the best talent. Both Freshfields and Allen & Overy now pay their first-year associates £65,000, rising to around £90,000 after three years. (First-year associates at America's top law firms get the equivalent of £80,000.)

　　But, as many other top-rank City employers have discovered, big earnings do not necessarily guarantee big satisfaction. According to a YouGov poll, published by the Lawyer earlier this month, a quarter of Britain's lawyers (including a fifth of law-firm partners) would like to leave the profession. The disgruntled complained about cripplingly long hours, intense competition and the impersonality of the biggest firms (some with more than 3,000 lawyers). So why don't they quit? Because, say three-quarters, of the pay.

　　36. Which one of the following is TURE of the status quo of London’s economy?

　　[A] London is enjoying its best time of economic development since 1990s.

　　[B] The growth rate of London is doubled since the beginning of the 1990s.

　　[C] The growth rate started to boost since the end of the dotcom era.

　　[D] The current economy of London is mostly driven by its legal instead of financial market.

　　37. The world’s top 50 law firms are graded according to _____

　　[A] their annual margin.

　　[B] their profitability.

　　[C] their sale volume.

　　[D] their quantity of business.

　　38.The phrase “white shoe” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means____

　　[A] white collars.

　　[B] first-class law firms.

　　[C] financial agencies.

　　[D] international banks.

　　39. In order to be competitive, the law firms take the following measures except_____.

　　[A] dismissing equity partners.

　　[B] carrying out restructuring.

　　[C] having their best lawyers turn more competitive.

　　[D] raising salaries for recruiting talents.

　　40. From the YouGov poll, it can be inferred that____

　　[A] this profession is far from satisfactory.

　　[B] most lawyers will leave the profession sooner or later.

　　[C] most lawyers are satisfied with the profession because of the fat pay.

　　[D] high salary is always contradictory to big satisfaction.

　　Part B

　　Directions: You are going to read a list of headings about How to Make the Most of Your New Power as a Consumer.Choose the most suitable heading from the list [A]—[G] for each numbered part of the text (41― 45). The first three paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. (10 points)

　　[A] Refuse Gimmicks

　　[B] Be Wary of Price Levels

　　[C] Say No to Useless Things

　　[D] Never Pay List Price

　　[E] Stand up to Temptations

　　[F] Switch ― or Threaten to

　　[G] Don't Buy on Impulse

　　In recent years the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life. Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel, phone service, medical care, even postal service. Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price at any dealership in their area. In some parts of the country, homeowners can purchase electricity from a menu of companies. All this choice translates into unprecedented consumer power.

　　One of the persistent myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don't. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and then present multiple prices to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares.

　　So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.

41.

　　In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to price pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you've seen on the Internet. Ask at the checkout counter if there are any coupons or discounts you can use. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You'll be surprised how often the answer is yes.

42.

　　As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras ：rust proofing your car, service contracts on your appliance, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These stunts are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren't a good deal.

43.

　　The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities.

　　Have a weakness for chocolates? Don't be surprised if Amazon. Com offers to sell you a box while you're browsing for books. They're using a wrinkle on the last-minute marketing pitch perfected by McDonald's: "Would you like fries with that?" The ploy works remarkably well.

44.

　　Versioning is a tactic used by businesses to separate status-conscious consumers from the bargain-hungry ones—since the former mean bigger profit margins. "Deluxe" and "platinum" are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets.

　　Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain-hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower-priced option when given just two choices will choose the medium-priced alternative if given three. "Consumers try to avoid extreme options, " write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book In formation Rules.

45.

　　Consumers in the New Economy face more demands on their time and attention than ever before, so they're inclined to make the most familiar choice. Consider this: it had been a decade and a half since thebreakup of AT &T, yet it is still by far the largest long-distance provider ― even while other phone companies offer $ 50 worth of free service for switching. More than ever, it pays to change services and brands.

　　If you don't want the hassles of switching remember that businesses are eager to hang on to consumers. The next time you get a tempting offer from a credit-card issuer or a phone company, call your current provider and ask them to match the deal. You'll be pleased to find how often they'll agree.

　　Section IIITranslation

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Our world of the mid-1990s faces potentially bursting change. The question is in what direction will it take us? (46)Will the change come from worldwide initiatives that reverse the degradation of the planet and restore hope for the future, or will it come from continuing environmental deterioration that leads to economic decline and social instability?

　　There is no precedent for the rapid substantial change we need to make. (47)Building an environmentally sustainable future depends on restructuring the global economy, major shifts in human reproductive behavior, and dramatic changes in values and lifestyles. Doing all this quickly adds up to a revolution that is driven and defined by the need to restore the earth's environmental systems. If this Environmental Revolution succeeds, it will rank with the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions as one of the great economic and social transformations in human history.

　　Like the Agricultural Revolution, it will dramatically alter population trends. (48)While the former set the stage for enormous increases in human numbers, this revolution will succeed only if it stabilizes human population size, reestablishing a balance between people and natural system on which they depend. In contrast to the Industrial Revolution, which was based on a shift to fossil fuels, this new transformation will be based on a shift away from fossil fuels.

　　(49)The two earlier revolutions were driven by technological advances-the first by the discovery of farming and the second by the invention of the steam engine, which converted the energy in coal into mechanical power. The Environmental Revolution, while it will obviously need new technologies, will be driven primarily by the restructuring of the global economy so that it does not destroy its natural support system.

　　The pace of the Environmental Revolution needs to be far faster than that of its predecessors. The Agricultural Revolution began some 10,000 years ago, and the Industrial Revolution has been under way for about two centuries. But if the Environmental Revolution is to succeed, it must be compressed into a few decades. Progress in the Agricultural Revolution was measured almost exclusively in the growth in food output that eventually enabled farmers to produce a surplus that could feed city dwellers. Similarly, industrial progress was gained by success in expanding the output of raw materials and manufactured goods. (50)The Environmental Revolution will be judged by whether it can shift the world economy into an environmentally sustainable development path, one that leads to greater economic security, healthier lifestyles, and a worldwide improvement in the human condition.

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　Directions:Write a letter to the publishing house for inquiring some information about the reference books you need for the upcoming examination.Mention the details of the books in the letter.

　　Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.

　　Part B

　　Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In you essay you should

　　1) describe the picture below,

　　2) interpret its meaning, and��

　　3) give your opinion about the phenomenon.��

　　You should write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)